Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains hardcover. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology wiley online books. Hydrology and global environmental change understanding global environmental change epubs. Environmental and hydrogeological problems in karstic. Regional scale hydrologic modeling of a karst dominant geomorphology. Karst, terrain usually characterized by barren, rocky ground, caves, sinkholes, underground rivers, and the absence of surface streams and lakes. Such areas are characterized by sinking streams, caves, enclosed. First utilized as a primary source of drinking water in the ancient world, springs continue to supply many of the worlds cities with water.
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. The importance of understanding the hydrogeology and geochemistry of karst terrains for safely siting dams abolfazl rezaei 1,2,haji karimi 3, hongbin zhan 4 abstract. Karst hydrology has many aspects, all worthy of intensive and separate study. The case study of the island of crete article pdf available in journal of hydrology 540 may 2016 with 614 reads. Karst is widely distributed throughout new zealand, often on public conservation land managed by the department of conservation, but it is a very minor component of the overall landscapewhich makes what is there special. Geophysical characterization of karst landscapes in kentucky as modern analogs for paleokarst reservoirs michael t. Doline, also sink or sinkhole, is a closed depression draining underground in karst areas. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains william.
The karst displays a variety of geomorphic features common to many carbonate karst terrains jennings, 1985, including more than 500 sinkholes, fissures, depressions. Evaporite karst in the holbrook basin of northeastern arizona occurs above interstratal bedded evaporites, principally halite, in permian sediments. This systems orientated book is based on the authors own teaching, research, consulting and international experience and includes wide international citations and illustrations. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains william b white home. A comprehensive textbook treatment of karst phenomena, superbly illustrated. The first step in investigating a karst unit is to confirm the extent or intensity of karst development and. Originally published in 1989, karst geomorphology and hydrology became the leading textbook on karst studies. In addition, due to the mountainous terrain, interbasin water transfer is very limited. Karst geological resources and indot construction page 3 i. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology geomorphology. Nov 25, 2015 the current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkholerisk resources in karst terrains of the united states.
Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains by, oxford university press edition, in english. Two notable features of karst hydrology are the oftenunknown flow paths and the wide variability in flow rates. Dam site selection in karst regions is an extremely important issue in terms of. Hydrologic considerations in karst topography underground stream systems present special problems for people interested in water supplies and water contamination. Hydrology and global environmental change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Regional scale hydrologic modeling of a karstdominant.
It a site, there may be no impact, as in the case of construction in the path of a. The problems encountered can be classified by the extent of the impact of construction or other development upon karst features already existing. Generally cephalonias katavothres, swallowing sea water permanently, are. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst drainage basins and. Introduction the southwestern edwards plateau is a major yet poorly studied karst area. Karst and other fractured bedrock settings represent extensive groundwater systems that have unique physical characteristics that govern the movement and access to this hidden resource. While retaining the useful factors of soil formation format, it has been extensively revised, incorporating a considerable amount of new research and offering a greater number of topics and examples. According to bonaccis karst hydrology the only permanent sea katavothres in the world, is the case of argostoli 11. The two types of soluble rock found in the karst regions of indiana are limestone and dolomite. Search for library items search for lists search for contacts search for a library. Navigating terrains of war youth and soldiering in guineabissau by vigh used. In general, the main conduits or pipes become enlarged. This was done to emphasize the concept of an open flow system.
Sinkhole formation is closely related to local hydrological conditions, and humaninduced changes to the local hydrology can accelerate the process. Position papers published early in the ihd emphasized the special problems of karst. Field research is needed to better reconstruct the karst evolution of the plateau and to better determine how that evolution relates to modern processes. Karst hydrology concepts from the mammoth cave area w. The double tunnel, 7,300 m in length, runs south to north across several lines of small, calcareous mountains that have a highly complex structure. A poor understanding of karst terrain has led to landuse practices that pose significant economic and environmental impacts to households and communities. Smart and others published geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains. Karst hydrology and physical speleology are thus two aspects of the subterranean karst phenomenon and should be viewed congruently. Virginia department of mines minerals and energy, division of geology and mineral resources, sinkholes and karst terrain. The model was able to capture the hydrology of the karst areas allowing a better management and planning of water resources under scarcity. Introduction karst is a landscape feature that is formed by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble rock by acidic water. The attitude of the hydrogeological community toward conduit permeability has come to almost a full circle. Soils and geomorphology, now in its third edition, remains popular among soil scientists, geomorphologists, geologists, geographers, and archaeologists.
Karst hydrology requires a mix of surface water concepts and ground water concepts. Despite the significance of the known karst features, most have not been geologically examined. Interactive comment on methodological considerations in. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains edition. Elsevier publishing company, amsterdamlondonnew york bonacci, o. A compilation of a wide range of references on karst is also included. The first half of the book is a systematic presentation of the dissolution kinetics, chemical equilibria and physical flow laws relating to karst environments. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains by william b. The hydrology of karst aquifers has been of interest since early historic times with caves. Donaldson research scientist introduction the term karst refers to a landscape spotted with sinkholes, underlain by caves, and having many springs that discharge into stream valleys.
Geophysical characterization of karst landscapes in kentucky. Karst hydrogeology and karst environment protection. White, oxford university press, oxford and new york, 1988. Perspectives on karst geomorphology, hydrology, and geochemistry a tribute volume to derek c. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. By studying the paper model, students will better understand the evolution of karst topography.
In virginia, karst terrain generally comprises soluble rocks such as limestone. Karst terrains irregular limestone regions characterized by sinkholes, underground streams and caverns have long been of interest because of the dramatic landscapes and the challenge of cave exploration. Karst spring, a spring emerging from karst, originating a flow of water on the surface ponor, also sink or sinkhole, where surface flow enters an underground. Evolution of karst aquifers ous speleologist or caver. Hydrology and global environmental change understanding. A karst landscape unit, or more simply a karst unit, is defined for the purposes of this chapter as a threedimensional belt or block of soluble bedrock area surrounded by other less soluble rock types. Critical theories in education changing terrains of knowledge and politics by t.
To include a comma in your tag, surround the tag with double quotes. Karst areas usually also include distinctive soils, microclimates, flora, fauna and patterns of hydrology. One of these problem areas was the hydrology of carbonate terrains. Table of contents for karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Both the morphology of the cave channels and the hydrology of the karst drainage basins are strikingly similar to those observed in surface water stream systems. Large drainage systems in karst areas are likely to have both fluvial surface and karst underground drainage components. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology 1, ford, derek.
Groudwater hydrology of springs 2009, groudwater hydrology of river basins 2009, groudwater hydrology of aquifers 2010, and groudwater hydrology of wetlands 2010. It contains detailed information on both superficial and underground features of karst phenomena supplemented with striking figures and photographs. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains book, 1988. Aboriginal, torres strait islander and other first nations people are advised that this catalogue contains names, recordings and images of deceased people and other content that may be culturally sensitive. Water falls as rain or snow and soaks into the soil. Perspectives on karst geomorphology, hydrology, and. Highway runoff in areas of karst topography bridget m.
As stated in the introduction, the term karst describes a distinctive topography that indicates dissolution of underlying rocks by surface water or ground water. Oct 28, 2008 the construction of one of the highspeed railway tunnels between malaga and cordoba south spain beneath the abdalajis mountains occasioned a series of hydrogeological problems with geotechnical and environmental impacts. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of. The name doline comes from dolina, meaning valley, and derives from south slavic languages. Variable sensitivities of carbonate rocks to natural processes on and in the hydrologic system have led to great ranges in conditions, many of which relate directly or indirectly to permeability. White find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Brackman2 abstract subsurface interpretation of paleokarst reservoirs is greatly aided by 3d seismic and other modern modeling. In the early dayssay the 1960sthe general opinion was that conduits had nothing to do with ground water hydrology. Sinkholes and karst terrain virginia department of mines. Geomorphology and hydrology of karst terrains william b. The articles range in length from 214 pages, with most around 68 pages. Karst terrain has distinctive characteristics of relief and drainage arising from the solution of soluble bedrock by natural waters. Measurement and calculation of solutional denudation rates. Variations in evaporite karst in the holbrook basin, arizona. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology by ford, derek ebook. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology is a fully revised and updated version of the extensively used and widely cited karst geomorphology and hydrology published in 1989. It results from the excavating effects of underground water on massive soluble limestone. Challenges to achieving a deep understanding of karst systems span the full range of current problems in hydrology.
This new textbook has been substantially revised and updated. But the geomorphology and hydrology of karst drainage systems are now of interest to water supply specialists, urban planners, and environmental engineers. He has studied karst areas across north america, france, eastern europe, china and southeast asia. Karst landscapeaquifer systems are estimated to constitute about 15% of the earths icefree land surface and supply water resources to up to 25% of the worlds population. This graduatelevel text discusses the chemistry of karst waters, the processes of sedimentary infilling, the origins of caves, and the evolution of karst systems through geologic time. Jones is the author of over thirty papers on karst hydrology and water tracing.
Included in the report are templates for making a paper model, instructions for its assembly, and a discussion of the development of karst topography. Karst geomorphology, hydrology, and management chapter 11 tim stokes, paul griffiths, and carol ramsey figure 11. He studies physical hydrology of surface and groundwater resources with an emphasis on areas underlain by carbonate karst aquifers. Karst geomorphology and hydrology is an outstanding reference book for karst scientists. Griffiths 374 interplay between geology, climate, topography, hydrology, and biological factors over long time scales. Karst hydrogeology has been the subject of much study in the united states. The hydrology of karst aquifers has been of interest since early historic times with caves serving as watercarrying. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. The importance of groundwater in complex geologic environments can no longer be overlooked. Effects of restricted recharge in an urban karst system. The development of vadose and phreatic cave systems in a karst drainage system. It has also been documented for more weatheringresistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions.
Global variations in the solutional denudation of carbonate terrains. Karst terrain covers about 15% of the worlds land area or about 2. Problems, management, human impacts, and sustainability an introduction to the special issue robert brinkmann1 and mario parise2 karst systems are extremely complex, and due to a number of geological and hydrological characteristics, they can be included among the most fragile and vulnerable environments in. This book addresses geologists, hydrologists, geomorphologists, geographers, and karstologists, above all speleologists, as well as all friends of caves, especially the cavers among them. Quantifying the place of karst aquifers in the groundwater to surface water continuum. In reality, the third dimension would show the material above and below the cave streams to be connectedin places. The dashed line marks the level of the water table over time. The central questions of karst hydrology concern 1 recharge, storage, and flow of groundwater in contemporary aquifers, 2 identification of geologic constraints on groundwater storage and flow paths, and 3 understanding of how aquifers evolve through time and the relation of this evolution to the evolution of interconnected surfacewater basins. It includes details of the many environmental factors that. Features of karst terrains may include a variety of sinkholes, solution valleys, underground rivers, caverns, disappearing streams, towers, and distinctive conical hills. Important karst regions of the northern hemisphere. Interdisciplinary research on the hydrology of karst aquifers has long been practiced and is perhaps of even greater value today as a model for future directions in hydrologic science in general. The karst terrains are composed of soluble rocks, including limestone, dolomite, gypsum, halite, and conglomerates.
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